The manual has been co-authored by Jose Paula (University of Lisbon); Salomao Bandeira (University of Eduardo Mondlane); Daudi Msangameno (University of Dar es Salaam) and Henrique Queiroga (University of Aveiro). Deriving its content from several regional Marine Science for Management (MASMA) programme courses on scientific methodologies in marine ecology undertaken by WIOMSA in Mozambique, the manual is a comprehensive and integrated training resource to address the reference sources gaps for training in Marine Biodiversity and Ecology in the WIO. The manual provides a coherent, scientific framework for designing practical training using examples and a set of exercises that are specifically adapted to the unique ecological and biological characteristics of the Western Indian Ocean shore.