Links

Chape, S. et al. (compilers) 2003. 2003 United Nations List of Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Link

Francis, J. & van’t Hof, T. 2003. Module 1. The Marine Environment and Protected Areas. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Hillary, A., Kokkonen, M. & Max, L. 2002. Proceedings of the World Heritage Biodiversity Workshop. World Heritage Papers 4. Link

IUCN, CNPPA & WCMC 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories, Gland, Switzerland. Link

Kellehere, G. (ed.) 1998. Special issue on MPAs. Parks 8: 2, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Link

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Edition. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

Sandwith, T. et al. 2001. Transboundary Protected Areas for Peace and Co-operation. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Link

WWF 1998. Marine Protected Areas: WWF’s role in their future development. WWF International Discussion Document. 56pp. Link

Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. & Haynes, D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 183pp. Link

Hockey, P.A.R. & Branch, G.M. 1997. Criteria, objectives and methodology for evaluating marine protected areas in South Africa. S. Afr.J. Sci. 18: 369-383. (*)

Margoluis, R. & Salafsky, N. 1998. Measures of Success: Designing, Managing and Monitoring Conservation and Development Projects. Island Press, D.C. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook. Biophysical, Socioeconomic and Governance Indicators for the Evaluation of Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas . IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 230pp. Link

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R., & Siirila, E. 2000. Chapter 1. The Roles of Protected Areas. In: Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: a guide for planners and managers. IUCN, Washington, D.C. 371pp. Link

Thomas, L. & Middleton, J. 2003. Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 10, World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 79pp. Link

Wells, S. & Mangubhai, S. 2004. Assessing Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas: a workbook for the Western Indian Ocean. August 2004. IUCN Eastern African Regional Programme, Nairobi.

Foundation of Success – Improving the practice of conservation Provides a number of documents for download http://fosonline.org/

Borrini-Feyerabend, G. 1996. Collaborative Management of Protected Areas: Tailoring the Approach to the Context. Issues in Social Policy, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 67pp. Link

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook of Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 230pp. Link

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Edition. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

Gibson, J. & Warren, L. 1995. Legislative requirements for Marine Protected Areas. Chap 3. In: Gubbay, S. (ed.) Marine Protected Areas. Principles and techniques for management. Chapman and Hall, London. (*)

Kimball, L.A. 2001. International Ocean Governance: using International Law and Organisations to Manage Marine Resources Sustainably. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 124pp. Link

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Edition. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook of Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xv + 230pp. Link

Best, B. 2003. Biodiversity conservation and integrated coastal management: looking beyond marine protected areas. Intercoast Network 43: 20-23. Link

Cicin-Sain, B. & Knecht, R.W. 1998. Integrated Coastal Management – Concepts and Practices. Island Press, Washington D.C. (*)

Francis, J. & van’t Hof, T. 2003. Module 1. The Marine Environment In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank.(*)

NOAA & WCPA. (in prep.) Principles and Guidelines to Incorporate Marine Protected Areas into Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management. Center for the Study of Marine Policy, Univ. Delaware, USA. (draft for comment available from stefano.belfiore@noaa.gov).

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Edition. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

Voabil, C. & Engahl, S. 2001. The Voyage from Seychelles to Maputo. Successes and failures of integrated coastal zone management in Eastern Africa and Island States, 1996-2001 . Vols.1 & 2. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. (*)

Intercoast Network – international newsletter produced by the Coastal Resources Center, Univ. of Rhode Island. www.crc.uri.edu

Sharing the Experience – coastal management in a rapidly changing world . CD-ROM containing c 200 publications generated by the Coastal Resources Management Program (CRMP), Coastal Resources Center, Univ. Rhode Island. Contact: communications@crc.uri.edu

Global Web Service on ICM - http ://www .globaloceans .org / – service provided by a partnership of international organisations including UNESCO, World Bank, and UNEP-GPA, to give advice and news on ICM.

Chonguica, E. & Brett, R. (eds.) 2003. Assessing the need for a Regional Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment in Southern Africa. IUCN-The World Conservation Union. Available from IUCN Regional Office for Southern Africa, 6, Lanark Road, Box 745, Harare, Zimbabwe. (*)

Gove, D.Z. 2003. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Procedure in Mozambique. Centre for Sustainable Development of Coastal Zones, MICOA, Maputo. 10pp. (*)

Grange, N. & Odendaal, F. 1999. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Tourism. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 197pp. (*)

Hambrey, J., et al. 2000. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Aquaculture Developmen t. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 213pp. Link 1and Link 2

Wamukoya, G.M. & Ludeki, J.V. 2002. Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment Review. A CREEL Publication No. 2. Centre for Environmental Legal Research and Education creel9@hotmail.com; creel@africaonline.com. P.O. Box 45801, 001000 Nairobi. (*)

World Bank 1996. Environment Assessment Handbook. Vols 1-9. World Bank, Washington D.C. www.worldbank.org - World Bank Directive OD 4.01 for Environmental Assessment, and report Public Involvement in Environmental Assessment also available. Eastern Africa Association for Impact Assessment (EAAIA), Wasaa Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 68200-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: 254 20 890605-12; e-mail: eaaia@iucnearo.org , issa@epiq.or.tz STUDY

Payet, R.A. (ed.) 1998. East Coast Reclamation Phase III. Ministry of Land Use and Habitat, Government of Seychelles. (*)

Payet, R.A. 2003. Effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment Process in Managing Tourism Development in the Seychelles. In: Chaytor, B. & Gray, K.R. (eds.) International Environmental Law and Policy in Africa. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. (*)

Strategic Environmental Assessment – a source book and referense guide to international expertise Link

Beaumont, J.C. 1997. Community participation in the establishment and management of marine protected areas: a review of selected international experience. S. A. J. Mar. Sci. 18: 333-340. (*)

Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (ed.) 1997. Beyond Fences: Seeking Social Sustainability in Conservation. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 2 Vols. (a key guide to participatory management)Link

Bunce, L. et al. 2000. Socioeconomic Manual for Coral Reef Management. GCRMN/IUCN/AIMS/NOAA. Link

Chambers, R. 1994. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA): analysis of experience. World Development 22 (9): 1253-1268.(*)

Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. 2003. Guidelines for the implementation of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in South Africa. Dept. Env. Affairs/GTZ/DAI.Link

Larson, P. & Svendsen, D.S. 1996. Participatory monitoring and evaluation: a practical guide to successful integrated conservationand development. WWF, Washington D.C. (*)

Maine, R.A., Cam, B. & Davis-Case, D. 1996. Participatory analysis, monitoring and evaluation for fishing communities. FAO FisheriesTechnical Paper 364. FAO, Rome, 142pp. (*)

Margolis, R. & Salafsky, N. 1998. Measures of Success. Designing,Managing, and monitoring Conservation and Development Projects. Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-612-2 (*)

Pretty, J.N. et al. 1995. A Trainer’s Guide for Participatory Learning and Action. International Institute for Environment and Development, London. (*)

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R., & Siirila, E. 2000. Chapter 3. Community Engagement. In: Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A guide for planners and managers. IUCN, Washington D.C. 371pp. Link

Slocum, R., et al. (eds.) 1995. Power, Process and Participation - Tools for Change, 1st edn. London: Intermediate Technology. ISBN 0 85339 303 7. (*)

Svendsen, D.S. & Fielding, P.J. 2004. Module 4. Participatory Processes. Training Session 4.4. Conflict Management. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

www.planotes.org. IIED PLA Network, IIED, 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1H0DD, UK - PLA notes and participatory methodology series free to Southern subscribers.

www.odi.org.uk/nrpODI Natural Resource Perspectives - short papers on natural resource management, local livelihoods and community based management.

www.iucn.org/themes/pmnsIUCN/Ramsar/WWF Participatory Management Clearinghouse (PMC) Website – aims to share information on participatory management of natural resources and disseminates IUCN field experience.

Bennett, E. 2000. Institutions, economics and conflicts: fisheries management under pressure. DFID Research Project R7334, CEMARE, University of Portsmouth. Link

Hinkey, L. & Recksiek, H. 2003. Managing conflict with and among user groups – winning strategies for MPA managers. MPA News 4 (10): 6. Link

Lewis, C. 1997. Conflicts in conservation. Section 4.15. p. 62-64 In: Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (ed). 1997. Beyond Fences: Seeking Social Sustainability in Conservation. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Link

SEACAM. 1999. From a Good Idea to a Successful Project: a manual for development and management of local level projects. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. (*)

Svendsen, D.S. & Fielding, P.J. 2001. Module 4. Participatory Processes. Training Session 4.4. Conflict Management. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Aguilar, L. & Castaneda, I. 2001. About Fishermen, Fisherwomen, Oceans and Tides: a Gender Perspective in Marine Coastal Zone. IUCN-World Conservation Union, Regional Office for MesoAmerica – ORMA, San Jose, Costa Rica. 267pp. Try these three sites: www.generoyambiente.org/publicaciones_uicn/marino/ ; www.http://iucn.org ; www.genderandenvironment.org

Anon. 1998. Sustaining Economies and Ecosystems: Gender and Coastal Resource Management, WID Works - Information Bulletin, Office of Women in Development (WID), USAID, April 1998, 4pp.Link

Anon, 2002. Women and MPAs: how gender affects roles in planning and management. MPA News 4(5): 1-4.Link

Diamond, N.K., Squillante, L. & Hale, L.Z. 2003. Cross currents: navigating gender and population linkages for integrated coastal management. Marine Policy 27: 325-331. (*)

Golder, B. & MacDonald, M. 2002. Population and Gender Dynamics in Coastal Conservation in East Africa. Intercoast Network Winter p.18-19,38. Link

Ingen, T. van, Kawau, C. & Wells, S. 2002. Gender equity in coastal zone management: experiences from Tanga, Tanzania. Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Programme/IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Programme. 26pp. Link

March, C., Smyth, I. & Mukhopadhyay, M. 1999. A guide to gender analysis frameworks. Oxfam. (*)

Williams, S., Seed, J., & Mwau, A. 1994 The Oxfam Gender Training Manual. Oxfam U.K. and Ireland. Reprint 1998. ISBN 0 85598-2675 (*)

Woroniuk, B. & Schalkwyk, J. 1998. What gender issues are relevant in coastal zoneareas?Link

In Search of the Lost Gender - Equity in Protected Areas Link

Women, Gender and ICDPs in Africa: Lessons Learnt and Experiences Shared Link

Women, Gender and ICDPs Overview: Lessons learned and ways forward – summary document Link

Beltran, J. 2000. Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and Protected areas: principles, guidelines and case studies. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Link

Spanish Link

Bunce, L., et al. 2000. Socioeconomic Manual for Coral Reef Management. GCRMN/IUCN/AIMS/NOAA., AIMS, Townsville, 251pp. Link

Haggan, N., Brignal, C. & Wood, L. (eds.) 2003. Putting Fishers’ Knowledge to Work. Proc. Conf. Aug 2001. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 11 (1), Univ. British Columbia, Canada. Link

King, M. & Fa’asili, U. 1999. A network of small community-owned village fish reserves in Samoa. Chap 25. In: Stolton, S. & Dudley, N. (eds.) Partnerships for Protection: new strategies for planning and management for protected areas. Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. And in Parks 8:2 Link

McClanahan, T.R., et al. 1997. The effects of traditional fisheries management on fisheries yields and the coral reef ecosystems of southern Kenya. Environmental Conservation 24 (2): 105-120. (*)

Nelson, J. & Hossack, L. (eds.) 2003. Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas in Africa: from Principles to Practice. Forest Peoples Programme, UK. www.forestpeoples.org (*)

Obura, D.O., Wanyonyi, I.N. & Mwaura, J.M. 2002. Participatory monitoring of an artisanal fishery in Kenya. In : Linden, O. et al. (eds.) Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean. Status Report 2002. CORDIO/SAREC. Link

Ruddle, K., Hviding, E. & Johannes, R.E. 1992. Marine resources management in the context of customary tenure. Marine Resource Economics 7: 249-273. (*)

MPA News 3 (5), Nov. 2001. Special section: insight on MPAs and indigenous peoples. Part 1. Link

Butler, M.J.A. et al. 1987. Marine Resource Mapping: an Introductory Manual . FAO Tech. Paper 274. FAO, Rome. 256pp. Link

Green, E.P. et al. 1996. A review of remote sensing for the assessment and management of tropical coastal resources. Coastal Management 24: 1-40. (*)

Mumby, P.J. et al. 1988. Digital analysis of multispectral airborne imagery of coral reefs. Coral Reefs 17: 59-69. (*)

Mumby, P. J. et al. 1999. The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. J. Environ. Management 55: 157-166. (*)

Mumby, P. J. et al. 2004. The cover of living and dead coral from airborne remote sensing. Coral Reefs 23: 171-183 Link

Roelfsema, C. M., Phinn, S.R. & Dennison, W.C. 2002. Spatial distribution of benthic microalgae on coral reefs determined by remote sensing. Coral Reefs 21: 264-274. Link

www.esri.com – a commercial website providing information and advice on GIS products, training and support in relation to natural resources.

Anon 2004. Acoustic tracking of fish: how continuous data on fish movement could change the planning of MPAs. MPA News 5(9): 1-3. Link

Francis, J. & van’t Hof, T. 2003. Module 1. The Marine Environment and Protected Areas. In: Francis, J., et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Hocking, M., Stolton, S. & Dudley, N. 2000. Evaluating Effectiveness: A Framework for Assessing the Management of Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 121pp. Link

Marshall, P. & Schuttenberg, H. 2004. Responding to Global Change: a Reef Managers Guide to Coral Bleaching. GBRMPA/NOAA. (*)

Obura, D.O. (in review). Resilience, coral bleaching and MPA design. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. (*)

Phillips, A. 2002. Management Guidelines for IUCN Category V Protected Areas: Protected Landscapes/Seascapes. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Link

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Edition. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

Stein, D. 2003.Tips for developing marine boundaries. MPA News 4 (7). Link

Thomas, L. & Middleton, J. 2003. Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 10, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 79pp. Link

Amend, S., et al. 2003. Management Plans: concepts and proposals. Parques Nacionales y Conservacion Ambiental No. 11. Panama. 114pp. Available from: IUCN Regional Office for MesoAmerica, Moravia, Apartado Postal 0146-2150, San José, Costa Rica; www.iucn.org/places/orma; correo@orma.iucn.org

Davey, A.G. 1998. National System Planning for Protected Areas. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 1, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Link

Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. & Haynes, D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 183pp. Link

Kareko, J. & Siegel, P. 2003. Planning for Marine Protected Areas. Module 2. p.39-84. In: Francis, J., et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a Training Manual for MPA Managers. CZMC/WIOMSA. (*)

Kelleher, G. 1999. Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 3, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 107pp. Link

Macleod, P., Leon, P. & Esquivias, P. 2001. Integrated Strategic and Financial Planning for Non-Governmental Organisatons. TNC/USAID. Vol. 3 Resources for Success Series. 64pp. Link

Kareko, J. & Siegel, P. 2003. Planning for Marine Protected Areas. Module 2. p. 39-84. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a TrainingManual for MPA Managers. CZMC/UDSM, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

SEACAM, 1999. From a Good Idea to a Successful Project: a manual for development and management of local level projects. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. (*)

UNDP/GEF, 2002. Project Preparation Manual. Introduction to the LFA. M&E Reference Unit. Link

UNEP. 2000. Project Formulation, Approval, Monitoring and Evaluation Manual. Programme Coordination and Management Unit, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya. Link

Donor guidelines are available as follows:

AusAID, 2000. AusGUIDELines. The Logical Framework Approach Link

CIDA, 2000. PRB-RBM Handbook on Developing Results Chains. Results Based Management Division. Link

European Community – general information on their project approach Link

Finland. Dept. for International Development Cooperation. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Guidelines for Programme Design, Monitoring & Evaluation. Link

NORAD, 1999. The Logical Framework Approach. Handbook for objective-oriented planning. Link

Parr, S. & Fielding, P.J. 2003. Communication and Public Relations. Module 5. p.149-186. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.). Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a Training Manual for MPA Managers. CZMC/WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Swamy, K. 1997. Report writing. In: Samoilys, M. (ed.) Manual for Assessing Fish Stocks on Pacific Coral Reefs. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. 78pp. (*)

Additional information: http://www.unfpa.org/monitoring/toolkit/tool5_4.doc

Bird, P. 1998. Performance Appraisals. Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., London UK. (*)

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Greenwood, D. 1996. Taking on staff: how to recruit the right people for the right job. Business Basics Series, How to Books, Plymouth, UK. (*)

Humphrey, S. 2003. Administration and Management. Module 6. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.). Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a Training Manual for MPA Managers. CZMC/WIOMSA. (*)

SEACAM. 1990. From a good idea to a successful project: a manual for development and management of local level projects. SEACAM, Maputo. 152pp. (*)

Taylor, G. 1996. Managing Recruitment and Selection. Directory of Social Change, London, UK. (*)

http://www.toolkit.cch.com/text/p05-0000.asp– gives practical details on recruitment and staff motivation.

http://www.ee.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/index.html– information on basic management skills.

http://www.jimcollins.com/- good articles on management.

http://economist.com/surveys/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Story_ID=770819– good articles on management.

http://www.wiomsa.org– or secretary@wiomsa.org– for information on the WIOMSA training courses for MPA personnel.

Gosling, L. & Edwards, M. 1995. Toolkits: a Practical Guide to Assessment, Monitoring, Review and Evaluation. Development Manual 5. Save the Children. London, UK. 254pp. (*)

Bilateral aid funded volunteer programmes:

UK - Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO): www.vso.org.uk

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA): www.jca.go.jp/english/

Germany – GTZ: www.gtz.de/home/english

US Peace Corps: www.peacecorps.gov

Australian Volunteers International: www.australianvolunteers.com

Overseas programmes that may be able to provide international volunteers or volunteer groups:

Greenforce: www.greenforce.org ; info@greenforce.org

Frontier Conservation: www.frontierconservation.org ; info@frontierconservation.org

Coral Cay Conservation: www.coralcay.org ; info@coralcay.org

Earthwatch: www.earthwatch.org- undertakes specific research projects with scientists and provides volunteers as a work force (has carried out a number of reef survey and assessment projects)

British Executive Service Overseas (BESO): www.beso.org

Raleigh International: www.raleighinternational.org; staff@raleigh.org.uk

Global Vision International: www.gvi.co.uk ; info@gvi.co.uk

Travellers Worldwide: www.travellersworldwide.com ; info@travellersworldwide.com

i-to-i: www.i-to-i.com ; info@I-to-i.com

Wells, S.M. 1995. Reef assessment and monitoring using volunteers and non-professionals. Report for the International Year of the Reef. Tropical Marine Research Unit, University of York/Coral Cay Conservation, UK/ University of Miami, USA. 57pp. (*)

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Eagles, P.F.J., McColl, S.F. & Haynes, D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 183pp. Link

Petursdottir, G., Hannibalsson, O. & Turner, J.M.M. 2001. Safety at sea as an integral part of fisheries management. FAO Fisheries Circular. 966: 39pp. Link

www.safetyatsea.com- major supplier of maritime safety equipment.

www.sailinks.co.uk/safety- short booklet on ‘Safety at Sea’ produced by the UK’s Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

Boyd, C. & Inamdar, A. 2001. Sustainable Financing of Coastal Management Activities in Eastern Africa. Report to SEACAM.Link

Conservation Finance Alliance 2003. The Conservation Finance Guide. Prepared by Nature Conservancy (TNC). Available on CDROM and at: www.guide.conservationfinance.org . Includes:

TNC 2001. Long-term Financial Planning for Parks and Protected Areas. The Nature Conservancy. 40pp. The following are available direct from TNC:

Mcleod, P., Leon, P. & Esquivias, P. 2001. Integrated Strategic and Financial Planning for Non-governmental Organisations. Vol. 3, Resources for Success Series, TNC /US-AID. 64pp. Link

Morris, B. 2002. Transforming Coral Reef Conservation in the 21 st Century: Achieving financially sustainable networks of marine protected areas. Report to TNC.Link

Humphrey, S. 2003. Module 7. Financial Management. In: Francis, J., et al.. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

SEACAM, 1999. From a Good Idea to a Successful Project: a manual for development and management of local level projects. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. (*)

Spergel, B. & Moye, M. 2004. Financing Marine Conservation: a Menu of Options. Center for Conservation Finance, WWF, Washington D.C., USA.Link

www.worldwildlife.org/conservationfinance

www.masoala.org

Link

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick

Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Humphrey, S. 2003. Module 7. Financial Management. In: Francis, J., et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, USA. http://nature.org/ecotourism/- information about The Nature Conservancy’s ecotourism program, including visitor use fees:

Brown, C.R. 2001. Visitor Use Fees in Protected Areas: Synthesis of the North American Experience and Recommendations for Developing Nations. Link

Drumm, A. & Moore, A. 2002. Ecotourism Development: a Manual for Conservation Planners and Managers; Vol.1: An Introduction to Ecotourism Planning; Vol. 2: The Business of Ecotourism Development and Management. Link to Vol 1

Conservation Finance Alliance 2003. The Conservation Finance Guide available on-line or CD-ROM http://guide.conservationfinance.org/chapter/

Humphrey, S. 2003. Module 7. Financial Management. In: Francis, J. et al., (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

IUCN. 2000. Financing Protected Areas. IUCN/WCPA Financing Protected Areas Task Force and Economics Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Link

Spergel, B. & Moye, M. 2004. Financing Marine Conservation: a Menu of Options. Center for Conservation Finance, WWF, Washington D.C., USA. Link

The International Ecotourism Society www.ecotourism.org- publications available on revenue generation from ecotourism.

Conservation Finance Alliance 2003. The Conservation Finance Guide. Nature Conservancy (www.nature.org) and available on CD-ROM and the Website: www.guide.conservationfinance.org.

Chapter on ETFs, with additional resources including: GEF 1999. Evaluation of Experience with Conservation Trust Funds. with ‘Lesson Notes’ (also available on www.gefweb.org

Bayon, R. et al. 1999. Environmental Funds: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects. IUCN/GEF. (also available on http://biodiversityeconomics.org/pdf/topics-18-01.pdf.

Norris, R. (ed.) 2000. The IPG Handbook on Environmental Funds. Interagency Planning Group on Environmental Funds (IPG) and Pact Publications. New York. www.pactpub.com , Link

Preliminary Assessment. The Current Situation And Capacity Building Needs Of Environmental Funds In Africa. Presentations from the Conference for African Environmental Funds: Sustainable Finance for Conservation in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania, 2002 Link

Humphrey, S. 2003. Module 7. Financial Management. In: Francis, J., et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Spergel, B. & Moye, M. 2004. Financing Marine Conservation: a Menu of Options. Center for Conservation Finance, WWF, Washington D.C., USA. Link

Conservation Finance Alliance 2003. The Conservation Finance Guide. Available at: www.guide.conservationfinance.org or CD.

IUCN 2000. Financing Protected Areas. IUCN/WCPA Financing Protected Areas Task Force in collaboration with the Economics Unit of IUCN. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK 68pp. Link

Norton, M. 2003. The Worldwide Fundraiser’s Handbook: a resource mobilization guide for NGOs and community organizations. 2nd ed. Directory of Social Change. (*)

SEACAM, 1999. From a Good Idea to a Successful Project: a manual for development and management of local level projects. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. (*)

Spergel, B. & Moye, M. 2004. Financing Marine Conservation: a Menu of Options. Center for Conservation Finance, WWF, Washington D.C., USA. Link

UNEP 2000. Project Formulation, Approval, Monitoring and Evaluation Manual. Programme Coordination and Management Unit, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya. Link

Bi-lateral donors include: US-AID – www.usaid.gov; NORAD – www.norad.no ; DFID – www.dfid.gov.uk ; FINNIDA – http://global.finland.fi ; CIDA – www.acdi-cida.gc.ca ; SIDA – www.sida.se ; JICA – www.jica.go.jp/english; DGCID (France) – www.cooperation.gouv.fr/cooperation/dgcid; Netherlands Development Cooperation – www.minbuza.nl

The Foundation Center www.fdncenter.org– commercial website with information on foundations (subscription basis).

Seashores of Eastern Africa Trust (SEA Trust) www.seatrust.com- a WIO grant-giving foundation

GEF: www.gefweb.org

Carter, D.W. 2003. Protected areas in marine resource management: another look at the economics and research issues. Ocean and Coastal Management 46: 439-456. Link

Cesar, H., Burke, L. & Pet-Soede, L. 2003. Economics of Worldwide Coral Reef Degradation. WWF-Netherlands and ICRAN. 24pp. Available from WWF Netherlands, Postbus 7, 3700 AA, Zeist, Netherlands and www.icran.org

Emerton, L. 1999. Economic tools for the Management of Marine Protected Areas in Eastern Africa. IUCN Eastern Africa Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 22pp. Link

IUCN/WCPA 1998. Economic Values of Protected Areas: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers. WCPA Task Force on Economic Benefits of Protected Areas with the IUCN Economics Service Unit, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 52pp. Link

Mathieu, L. 1998. The Economic Value of Marine Parks of the Seychelles. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. (*)

Moberg, F. & Folke, C. 1999. Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems. Ecological Economics 29: 215-233. (*)

Spurgeon, J.P.G. 1993. The economic valuation of coral reefs. Mar. Poll. Bull. 24 (11): 529-536. (*)

Spurgeon, J.P.G. 2001. Valuation of coral reefs: the next 10 years. Paper presented at International Consultative Workshop on Economic Valuation and Policy Priorities for Sustainable Management of Coral Reefs. ICLARM, Penang Malaysia, December 2001. Link

Special issue of MPA News, Aug 2000. http://depts.washington.edu/mpanews/MPA11.htm

IUCN Business Unit http://biodiversityeconomics.org

IUCN/WCPA Sustainable Financing for Protected Areas:

www.iucn.org/themes/wcpa/theme/finance/finance.html

Emerton, L. & Tessema, Y. 2001. Economic Constraints to the Management of Marine Protected Areas: the case of Kisite Marine National Park and Mpunguti Marine National Reserve, Kenya. IUCN Eastern Africa Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 26pp. Link

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. & Haynes, C.D. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 183pp. Link

Grange, N. & Odendaal, F. 1999. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Tourism. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique.197pp. (*)

National Park Service. 1993. Guiding Principles for Sustainable Design. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado, USA. Link

Tourism Council Australia & CRC Tourism. 1998. Being Green Keeps You Out of the Red. Tourism Council, Woolloomooloo, NSW, Australia. (*)

http://energy.sourcesguide.com- worldwide souces on energy and related building design.

www.greenbuilder.com- advice on environmentally appropriate and sustainable building technologies.

www.cat.org.uk- consultants on appropriate technology buildings, energy and water and sanitation.

www.fscoax.org and www.fsc-uk.demon.co.uk- Forest Stewardship Council, for information on sustainable timber.

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Grange, N. & Odendaal, F. 1999. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Tourism. Chapter 6. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 197pp. (*)

http://energy.sourceguides.com- lists worldwide renewable energy suppliers by country and by specialisation.

www.bpsolar.com- a major supplier of solar equipment worldwide.

www.dulas.org.uk- consultants in renewable energy with worldwide small scale power experience.

www.greenbuilder.comSustainable Building Technology.

www.windenergy.com- a major low power wind turbine manufacturer

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Humphrey, S. 2003. Module 6. Administration and Management. and Module 7. Financial Management. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

SEACAM 1999. From a good idea to a successful project: a manual for development and management of local level projects. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 152pp. (*)

Kareko, J. & Musyoki, B. 2003. Module 3. Marine Protected Operations. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Use a search engine on the internet to find websites for manufacturers of equipment needed by the MPA.

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Use a search engine to find websites for manufacturers of engines, boats and accessories.

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Use a search engine to find websites for manufacturers of engines, boats and accessories.

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Gale, J.M 1992. Marine SSB operation. Fernhurst Books, Brighton, UK. 96pp. (*)

Companies providing wireless and telecommunications services and relevant equipment: www.icom.com ; www.motorola.com ; www.multisource.co.za ; www.kenwood.com ;

www.globalcoms.co.za

www.icom.com- commercial company giving information on creating websites and getting on-line

The NOAA diving manual is available in hard copy and CD-ROM from: www.ndc.noaa.gov/rp_manual.htmlor www.ntis.gov/products/bestsellers/noaadive.asp?

CMAS, BSAC, SSI and PADI other manuals are available from dive shops and SCUBA training facilities, or online: www.padi.com; www.cmas2000.org ; www.bsac.comor www.bsac.org ;

www.divessi.comor www.ssiusa.com

Information on digital underwater camera equipment available at www.digideep.com/and www.wetpixel.com/

Manufacturers of SCUBA equipment include: www.poseidon.se/ ; www.aqualung.com/ ; www.technisub.com/ ; www.diverite.com/ ; www.sherwoodscuba.com/ ; www.suunto.com/

Diving insurance details can be found on: www.daneurope.org/

Breda van, A. & Gjerde, K.M. 1992. The use of mooring buoys as a management tool. Centre for Marine Conservation, Washington DC. 56pp. (*)

Environmental Moorings International: www.reefmoorings.com

Gjerde, K.M. 1991. Mooring buoys and legal liability. Centre for Marine Conservation, Environmental Solutions International and The World Conservation Union. 12pp. (*)

Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS) moorings project: www.mcss.sc/moorings.htm

International Association of Lighthouses: www.iala-aism.org- information on the IALA Maritime Buoyage System.

PADI International Project Aware: document on Mooring Buoy Program Planning: www.projectaware.org

(see also sheets G9 and G10)

Gosling, L. & Edwards, M. 1995. Toolkits: a practical guide to assessment, monitoring, review and evaluation. Development Manual 5. Save the Children. London, UK. 254pp. (*)

Johnstone, R. & Mohammed, S. 2003. Monitoring and Evaluation in a Marine Protected Area. Module 9. In: Francis, J. et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a Training Manual for MPA Managers. CZMC/WIOMSA. (*)

Larson, P. & Svendsen, D.S. 1996. Participatory monitoring and evaluation: a practical guide to successful integrated conservation and development . WWF, Washington D.C. (*)

Maine, R.A., Cam, B. & Davis-Case, D. 1996. Participatory analysis, monitoring and evaluation for fishing communities. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 364. FAO, Rome, 142pp. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook. Biophysical, Socioeconomic and Governance Indicators for the Evaluation of Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge UK. 230pp. Link

Salzer, D. & Salafsky, N. 2003. Allocating resources between taking action, assessing status and measuring effectiveness. TNC/FOS Working Paper. Link

Foundations of Success http://fosonline.org (this website has other useful M&E materials and an online bibliography).

UNDP 1997. Who are the Questionmakers? A Participatory Evaluation Handbook. Office of Evaluation and Strategic Planning, UNDP. Link

UNDP 2002. Handbook on Monitoring and Evaluation for Results. UNDP Evaluation Office (in English and French). Link

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Flewwelling, P., et al. 2003. Recent Trends in Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Systems for Capture Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper # 415. ISSN 0429-9345. FAO, Rome. Link to Guide 2000

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Edition. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

SADC/EU MCS Project: http://www.schoemans.com.na/sadc

FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP

Conand, C., et al. 1998. Manuel Methodologique. Suivi de l’etat de sante des recifs coralliens du Sud-Ouest de l’Ocean Indien. PRECOI/ UE, 27pp. (*)

English, S., Wilkinson, C. & Baker, V. (eds.) 1997. Survey Manual for Marine Resources, 2nd Ed. AIMS, Australia. 390pp. ISBN: 0642259534. (*) Available from: www.aims.gov.au

Halford, A.R. & Thompson, A.A. 1994. Visual Census Surveys of Reef Fish - Long-term Monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef. Standard Operational Procedure Number 3. AIMS, Australia. Link

Obura, D.O., et al. Monitoring of fish and fish catches by local fishermen in Kenya and Tanzania. Mar. Freshwater Res. 53: 215- 222. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook on Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xv + 230pp. Link

Salm, R.V. & Coles, S.L. (eds.) 2001. Coral bleaching and marine protected areas. Proceedings of the Workshop on Mitigating Coral Bleaching Impact through MPA Design. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 29-31 May 2001. Asia Pacific Coastal Marine Program Report #0102, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 118pp. www.conserveonline.org Link

Samoilys, M.A. (ed.) 1997. Manual for Assessing Fish Stocks on Pacific Coral Reefs. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. (*)

Samoilys, M. A. & Carlos, G. 2000. Determining methods of underwater visual census for estimating the abundance of coral reef fishes. Env. Biol. Fish. 57: 289-304. (*)

Wilkinson, C., et al. 2003. Monitoring Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas: a practical guide on how monitoring can support effective management of MPAs. IUCN Global Marine Programme, Gland, Switzerland; AIMS, Australia. Link

Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN): www.coral.noaa.gov/gcrmn

ReefCheck methods and instruction manual available from: www.reefcheck.org

C-NAV Coral Navigator - a CD-ROM on GCRMN and ReefCheck methods, available from AIMS Bookshop Science Communications, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.

McClanahan, T.R. & Arthur, R. 2001. The effect of marine reserves and habitat on populations of East African coral reef fishes. Ecological Applications 11: 559-569. Link

McClanahan, T. R., Maina, J. & Pet-Soede, L. 2002. Effects of the 1998 coral mortality event on Kenyan coral reefs and fisheries. (*)

Coral Health and Monitoring Programme (CHAMP): www.coral.noaa.gov/methods.html – lists a variety of resources for reef monitoring.

Hawaii Coral Reef Monitoring Program (CRAMP): http://cramp.wcc.hawaii.edu/overview/3._methods/ - provides an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of different methods.

CORDIO – Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: www.cordio.org

Akwilapo, F.D. & Wagner, G.M. 2002. Report on mangrove monitoring in Mbweni and Kunduchi conducted June 2002. Kinondoni Integrated Coastal Area Management Programme (KICAMP), Dar es Salaam. (*)

English, S. Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. (eds.) 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. (2nd Ed.), AIMS, Townsville, Australia. (*)

Hussein, Y.A., Zuhair, M.M. & Weir, M. 1999. Monitoring mangrove forests using remote sensing and GIS. Link

Kirkman, H. 1996. Baseline and monitoring methods for seagrass meadows. J. Environmental Management 47: 191-201. (*)

Phillips, R.C. & McRoy, C.P. (eds.) 1990. Seagrass Research Methods. UNESCO, France. 210pp. (*)

Semesi, A.K. 1991. Management Plan for the Mangrove Ecosystem of Mainland Tanzania. Ministries of Tourism, Natural Resources and Environment, Forest and Beekeeping Division, Catchment Forest Project, Dar es Salaam. (*)

Short, F.T. & Coles, R.G. 2001. Global Seagrass Research Methods. Elsevier. Amsterdam, 482pp. (*)

Short, F.T., et al. 2002. SeagrassNet Manual for Scientific Monitoring of Seagrass Habitat. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, QFS, Cairns, Australia. 56pp. (*)

Talbot, F. & Wilkinson, C. 2001. Coral Reefs, Mangroves and Seagrasses: a Sourcebook for Managers. AIMS, Townsville, Australia. Link

Wang, Y. Q. et al. 2003. Remote sensing of mangrove change along the Tanzania coast. Marine Geodesy 26: 35-48. (*)

GLOMIS -Global Mangrove Database and Information System www.glomis.com- contains a global mangrove bibliography.

World Seagrass Association - www.worldseagrass.org- a Global Network of scientists and coastal managers committed to research, protection and management of seagrasses.

SeagrassNet - www.seagrassnet.org- a global programme to monitor and document the status of seagrasses.

CRC Reef Research Centre - www.reef.crc.org.au– information on monitoring including SeagrassWatch (community-based programme).

English, S., Wilkinson, C. & Baker, V. (eds.) 1997. Survey Manual for Marine Resources, 2nd Ed. AIMS, Townsville, Australia. 390pp. ISBN: 0642259534. (*)

Jokiel, P.L. & Morrissey, J.I. 1993. Water motion on reefs: evaluation of the clod card technique. Mar. Env. Prog. Ser. 93: 171-181. (*)

Parsons, T.R., Maita, Y. & Lalli, C.M. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon Press. 173pp. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook on Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xv + 230pp. Link

UNEP/IAEA/IOC 1991. Standard chemical methods for marine environmental monitoring. Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies. No. 50. UNEP, Nairobi. (*)

United States Virgin Islands Coastal Zone Management Program 2001. Coastal Water Quality Monitoring Manual: Parameters and Techniques. Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C., USA. Link

Information on data loggers from: Onset Computer Corporation: www.onsetcomp.com;

International SeaKeepers Society: www.seakeepers.org

Other suppliers: The Kiwi Group or ACR Systems, USA.

Bunce, L. & Pomeroy, B. 2003. Socioeconomic Monitoring Guidelines for Coastal Managers in South-east Asia: SOCMON SEA. GCRMN and IUCN/WCPA, NOAA, Washington D.C. 82pp. Link

Bunce, L. et al. 2000. Socioeconomic Manual for Coral Reef Management. GCRMN/IUCN/AIMS/NOAA, AIMS, Townsville, 251pp. Link

Maine, R.A., Cam, B. & Davis-Case, D. 1996. Participatory analysis, monitoring and evaluation for fishing communities. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 364. FAO, Rome, 142pp. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook on Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xv + 230pp. Link

CORDIO/GCRMN Socio Economic Monitoring Programme (SEMP) – Brochure, training sheets, manual and review of monitoring issues available from cordio@cordio.info

National social science strategy for MPAs in the USA:

www.mpa.gov – details priorities for social science research in relation to planning, management and evaluation of MPAs.

FAO 2002. Sample-Based Fishery Surveys - A Technical Handbook. FAO Fisheries Tech. Paper 425, Rome. Link

Jiddawi, N. & Stanley, R.D. (eds.) 1999. Fisheries Stock Assessment in the Traditional Fishery Sector: The Information Needs. Proc. Nat. Workshop on the Artisanal Fisheries Sector, Sept. 22-24, 1997, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Univ. Dar es Salaam/CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency). (*)

Maine, R.A., Cam, B. & Davis-Case, D. 1996. Participatory Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation for Fishing Communities. FAO Fisheries Tech. Paper 364. FAO, Rome, 142pp. (*)

Obura, D.O. et al. 2002. Monitoring of fish and fish catches by local fishermen in Kenya and Tanzania. Mar. Freshw. Res. 53: 215-222. (*)

Polunin, N.V.C. & Roberts, C.M. (eds.) 1996. Reef Fisheries. Chapman and Hall, London, UK. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook on Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xv + 230pp. Link

Samoilys, M.A. (ed.) 1997. Manual for Assessing Fish Stocks on Pacific Coral Reefs . Department of Primary Industries, Queensland, Training Series QE 97009, Brisbane. 78pp. (*)

Sparre, P. & Venema, S.C. 1992. Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. Part 1. manual . FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 306/1 Rev.1 FAO, Rome. Link excercises: Link

FAO Fisheries Website http://www.fao.org/fi

FAO Document Repository http://www.fao.org/DOCREP

FAO International Standard Statistical Classifications: Aquatic Animals and Plants (ISSCAAP); Fishing Gears (ISSCFG); Fishery Vessels (ISSCFV)

Bainbridge, S.J. & Baker, V.J. 1994. Database design and operation. pp. 313-328. In: English, S. Wilkinson, C. & Baker, V.J. (eds.) Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. ASEAN-AIMS Project, Townsville. Queensland 4810, Australia. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2003. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook on Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xv + 230pp. (section 3-3 on ‘Manage Collected Data’)Link

Samoilys, M. & Giles, B. 2003. Data management. Project Seahorse Technical report No. 5. Version. 1.0. Project Seahorse, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia. 8pp. Link

Samoilys, M.A. (ed.) 1997. Manual for assessing fish stocks on Pacific coral reefs . Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. 78pp. (*)

Wilkinson, C., et al. 2003. Monitoring Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas: a practical guide on how monitoring can support effective management of MPAs. Australian Institute of Marine Sciences and IUCN, Switzerland. 68pp. Link

(see also sheet G1)

Hockey, P.A.R. & Branch, G.M. 1997. Criteria, objectives and methodology for evaluating marine protected areas in South Africa. S. Afr. J. Sci. 18 : 369-383. (*)

Hocking, M., Stolton, S. & Dudley, N. 2000. Evaluating Effectiveness: A Framework for Assessing the Management of Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 121pp. Link

Mangubhai, S. & Wells, S. 2004. Assessing Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas: a workbook for the Western Indian Ocean. IUCN EA Regional Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 74pp.

Final report: Link

Margoluis, R. & Salafsky, N. 1998. Measures of success: designing, managing and monitoring conservation and development projects. Island Press, Washington D.C. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook. Biophysical, Socioeconomic and Governance Indicators for the Evaluation of Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas. Link

Staub, F. & Hatziolos, M.E. 2003. Score Card to Assess Progress in Achieving Management Effectiveness Goals for Marine Protected Areas. The World Bank. Link

TNC 2000. The Five-S Framework for Site Conservation: a practitioners handbook for site conservation planning and measuring conservation success. TNC, Arlington, Virginia. Link

IUCN/WCPA Management Effectiveness Task Force www.wcpa.iucn.org

Conservation Measures Partnership – a consortium including WWF and IUCN that is developing standards for conservation practices. www.conservationmeasures.org/CMP/

UNESCO/IUCN Enhancing our Heritage project - assessing World Heritage Sites www.enhancingheritage.net

Gosling, L. & Edwards, M. 1995. Toolkits: a practical guide to assessment, monitoring, review and evaluation. Development manual 5. Save the Children. London, UK. 254pp. (*)

UNDP/GEF Information Kit on Monitoring and Evaluation: www.undp.org

GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). 1996. The contributions of science to coastal zone management. Reports and Studies GESAMP 61, FAO, Rome, Italy. 66pp. Link

Harmon, D. (ed.) 1994. Co-ordinating Research and Management to Enhance Protected Areas. IUCN/George Wright Society. (*)

Pomeroy, R.S., Parks, J.E. & Watson, L.M. 2004. How is your MPA doing? A Guidebook of Natural and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 230pp. Link

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Ed. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

Thorsell, J.W. 1992. Guidelines for managing research in protected areas. p. 175-180. In: Willison, J.H.M., et al. (eds.) Science and Management of Protected Areas. Proc. Int. Conf. on Science and Management of Protected Areas (SAMPA 1). Nova Scotia, Canada. Elsevier (*)

Dulvy, N. K., Sadovy, Y. & Reynolds, J.D. 2003. Extinction vulnerability in marine populations. Fish and Fisheries 4: 25-64. Link

Hodgson, G. & Liebeler, J. 2002. The Global Coral Reef Crisis – trends and solutions. ReefCheck Foundation. www.ReefCheck.org

Jackson, J.B.C. et al. 2001. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293: 629-638. Link

Myers, R.A. & Worm, B. 2003. Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423: 280-283. Link

Richmond, M.D. (ed.) 2002. A Field Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. 2nd Edition, SIDA/SAREC/University of Dar es Salaam. 461pp. (*)

Roberts, C.M. & Hawkins, J.P. 1999. Extinction risk in the sea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 14: 241-246. (*)

Roberts, C. et al. 2002. Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for tropical reefs. Science 295: 1280-1284. Link

IUCN 2003. Red List of Threatened Species: www.redlist.org

IUCN/SSC Groupers and Wrasse Specialist Group, IUCN/SSC Coral Reef Specialist Group, IUCN/SSC Mollusca Specialist Group www.iucn.org/themes/ssc ; www.iucn.org/themes/marine (Note: websites for IUCN Specialist Groups for sharks, turtles and marine mammals are listed under the relevant theme sheet)

Oceanographic Biogeographical Information Service (OBIS): www.iobis.org

Marine Species Conservation Factpack, 2001. Marine Conservation Society, Ross-on-Wye, UK

Shatter the Myth: www.iucn.org/themes/sscs

Al Ghais, S. & Frazier, J. 2000. Workshop on Marine Turtles of the Western Indian Ocean,18-22 November 2000. CMS/MT-IOSEA.2/Inf 5.1. (*)

Bjorndal, K.A. (ed.) 1995. The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington D.C. (*)

Ciccione, S., Roos, D. & Le Gall, J-Y. (eds.) 2001. Knowledge and Conservation of Sea Turtles in South-West Indian Ocean. Proceedings of workshop held at Saint-Leu, Ile de la Réunion. 28 Nov – 2 Dec 1999. Etudes et Colloques du CEDTM No. 01, March 2001. (*)

CMS, 2000. Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of Marine Turtles and their Habitats of the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia. Link

CMS, 2001. Conservation and Management Plan for Marine Turtles and their Habitats of the Indian Ocean and South East Asia. July 2001. Link to updated versions

Eckert, K.L., et al. 1999. Research and Management Techniques for the Conservation of Sea Turtles. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group. Publication No. 4. 235pp. Available in English, French and Spanish Link to part of the manual

Gove, D., Pascule H. & Goncalves M. 2002. Impacts of Sofala Bank Shrimp Fishery on Marine Turtles and Effects of Introducing Turtle Excluder Device. Technical Progress Report to WWF, September 2001. Link to Final report, December 2001

IUCN. 1996. A Marine Turtle Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Western Indian Ocean. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Publication No. 2. 24pp. Link

Humphrey, S.L. & Salm, R.V. (eds). 1996. Status of Sea Turtle Conservation in the Western Indian Ocean. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 165. (*)

Mortimer, J.A., Donnelly, M. & Plotkin, P. 2000. Sea Turtles. Chapter 3. p. 59-71. In: Sheppard, C. (ed.) Seas at the Millenium: an Environmental Evaluation. Elsevier Press. (*)

Wamukoya, G.M., & Salm, R.V. (eds.) 1998. Report of the Western Indian Ocean Turtle Excluder Device (TED) Training Workshop, Mombasa, Kenya, January 1997. IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office with IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group. 30pp. Link

Witherington, B.E. & Martin, R. E. 2000. Understanding, Assessing, and Resolving Light-Pollution Problems on Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches. 2nd ed. Rev. Florida Marine Research Institute Technical Report TR-2. 73pp. Link to 1 st ed.

IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group: http://www.iucn-mtsg.org

WIO Regional Contact points are Jeanne Mortimer jmort@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu; and George Hughes ghughes@kznncs.org.za

www.seaturtle.org- includes online access to Marine Turtle Newsletter which is also available by e-mail: mtn@seaturtle.org

www.seaturtle.org/tagging/- information on tagging.

To subscribe to the Sea Turtle (CTURTLE) electronic mailing list, email: listserv@lists.ufl.edu

Turtle watching guidelines fact sheet produced by the Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL): http://www.coral.org

Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDECAST): http://www.widecast.org

Indian Ocean – South-East Asian Marine Turtle Memorandum of Understanding (IOSEA MoU): http://www.ioseaturtles.org/

Mozambique Marine Turtle Working Group: marineturtlemz@hotmail.com

Watamu Turtle Watch, PO Box 125, Watamu, Kenya: wtwkenya@swiftmalindi.com

KESCOM (Kenya Sea Turtle Conservation Committee): kescoms@yahoo.com

Baker, N.E. & Baker, E.M. 2002. Important Bird Areas in Tanzania. W. C. S. T,. Dar es Salaam. http://tanzaniabirdatlas.com

Feare, C.J. 1984. Seabird status and conservation in the tropical Indian Ocean. Chap. 26, p. 457-471. In: Croxall, J.P., Evans, P.G.H. and Schreiber, R.W. (eds.) Status and Conservation of the World’s Seabirds. ICBP Technical Publication No. 2. (*)

Fishpool, L.D.C. & Evans, M.I. (eds). 2001. Important Bird Areas in Africa and related islands: priority sites for conservation. Pisces Publications and Birdlife International (Birdlife Conservation Series 11). Newbury and Cambridge. 1144pp. (*)

Halpenny, E. 2002. Marine Ecotourism: International Guidelines and Best Practice Case Studies. The International Ecotourism Society. 120pp. www.ecotourism.org

Nature Seychelles, 2003. Seabird Monitoring Handbook for Seychelles. Nature Seychelles, P.O. Box 1310, Mahe, Seychelles. (*) Can be ordered from nature@seychelles.net ; www.nature.org.sc

Walsh, P.M. et al. 1995. Seabird monitoring handbook for Britain and Ireland: a compilation of methods for survey and monitoring of breeding seabirds. JNCC. ISBN 1 873701 73 X (*)

BirdLife International Global Office, Wellbrook Court, Girton Rd, Cambridge CB30NA, UK. www.birdlife.net ; birdlife@birdlife.org.uk

Convention on Wetlands: www.ramsar.org

Arnold P. W. & Birtles R.A. 1999. Towards sustainable management of the developing dwarf minke whale tourism industry in northern Queensland. CRC Reef Research Centre Technical Report no. 27. CRC Reef Research Centre, Townsville. Can be ordered from registry@gbrmpa.gov.au

Carwardine, M. 2000. Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. Dorling Kindersley Handbook, Kyodo Printing Co., Singapore. (*)

Englund, A. 2001. The impact of tourism on Indo-Pacific Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Menai Bay, Zanzibar. Field Study 68, Uppsala University, Sweden. (*)

Halpenny, E. 2002. Marine Ecotourism: Impacts, International Guidelines and Best Practice Case Studies. The International Ecotourism Society. 120pp.(*) Can be ordered from www.ecotourism.org

IFAW, 1999. Report of the Workshop on the Socioeconomic Aspects of Whale Watching, Kaikoura, New Zealand. 88pp. (*)

Marsh, H. et al. 2001. The Dugong (Dugong dugon): status report and action plans for countries and territories in its range. UNEP/IUCN Link

Reeves, R.R. et al. 2002. Sea Mammals of the World. Chanticleer Press. (*)

Reeves, R.R. et al. 2002. Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises: 2002-2010. Conservation Action Plan for the World’s Cetaceans. IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group. Link

Richmond, M.D. (ed.) 2002. A Field Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. SIDA/SAREC/University of Dar es Salaam. 461pp. (*)

Ripple, J. & Perrine, D. 1999. Manatees and Dugongs of the World. Voyager Press. 131pp. (*)

Stensland, E. et al. 1998. Marine mammals in Tanzanian waters: urgent need for status assessment. Ambio 26(8): 771-774. (*)

Vely, M. Les Baleines à Bosse des Iles de la Lune: petit guide pratique à l’usage des observateurs. Megaptera, Association pour la Connaissance, l’Observation et la Conservation des Mammifères Marine de l’Ocean Indien. 80pp. (*) Can be ordered from http://www.megaptera-oi.org

The following sites have information on strandings, responsible whale watching and other marine mammal conservation issues:

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park publications on marine mammals:

www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/key_issues/tourism/whale_dolphin_watching.html

Indian and South Atlantic Consortium on Humpback Whales (ISACH): http://www.isach.org

International Fund for Animal Welfare: http://www.ifaw.org

International Whaling Commission (IWC):

http://www.doc.govt.nz/Conservation/Marine-and-Coastal/International-Whaling-Commission/index.asp

IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group and IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group website http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc: To subscribe to the Sirenian mailing list, email: SIRENIAN@listserv.tamu.edu

Ocean Blue Foundation: Developing an International Whale Watching Charter: www.responsiblewhalewatching.org

Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society: http://www.wdcs.org

Davey, A.G. 1998. National System Planning for Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 71pp. Link

De Fontaubert, A.C., Downes, D.R. & Agardy, T.S. 1996. Biodiversity in the Seas: Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity in Marine and Coastal Habitats. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge. 82pp. (*)

Francis, J. & van’t Hof, T. 2003. Module 1. The Marine Environment and Protected Areas. In: Francis, J., et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Garcia, S.M. et al., 2003. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries . FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 443. FAO, Rome. Link

Groombridge, B. & Jenkins, M.D. 2002. World Atlas of Biodiversity. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, USA. 340pp. (*)

Groves, C.R. (ed.) 2003. Drafting a Conservation Blueprint: A Practitioner's Guide to Planning for Biodiversity. Island Press, Washington D.C. (*)

Olson, D.M. & Dinerstein, E. 1998. The Global 200: a representation approach to conserving the earth’s most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conservation Biology 12: 502-515. Link

Parrish, J.D., Braun, D.P. & Unnasch, R.S. 2003. Are we conserving what we say we are? Measuring ecological integrity within protected areas. Bioscience 53(9): 851-860. Link

Richmond, M.D. (ed.) 2002. A Field Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. SIDA/SAREC/University of Dar es Salaam. 461pp. (*)

Smith, R.D. & Maltby, E. 2003. Using the Ecosystem Approach to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity: Key Issues and Case Studies. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (*)

Ward, T. & Hegerl, E. 2003. Marine Protected Areas in Ecosystembased Management of Fisheries. Report to Dept. Environment & Heritage, Canberra, Australia. Link

(See also sheet J7 Artificial reefs)

Edwards, A.J. & Clark, S. 1999. Coral transplantation: a useful management tool or misguided meddling? Marine Pollution Bulletin 37(8-12): 474-487. (*)

Franklin, H., Muhando, C.A. & Lindahl, U. 1998. Coral culturing and temporal recruitment patterns in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Ambio 27(8): 651-655. (*)

Heyward, A.J. & Negri, A.P. 1999. Natural inducers for coral larval metamorphosis. Coral Reefs 18: 273-279. (*)

Lindahl, U. 2003. Coral reef rehabilitation through transplantation of staghorn corals: effects of artificial stabilisation and mechanical damages. Coral Reefs 22: 217-223. (*)

McClanahan, T. R., et al. 1996. Effect of sea urchin reductions on algae, coral and fish populations. Conservation Biology 10:136-154. (*)

Meyer, T. & Schillak, L. 2000. Mineral substrates for artificial reefs – a new technology for integrated coastal zone management: experiences and approaches. Integrated Coastal Zone Management 1(1): 233-238. (*)

Spurgeon, J.P.G. & Lindahl, U. 2000. Economics of coral reef restoration. p. 125-136. In: Cesar, H. (ed.) Collected Essays on the Economics of Coral Reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar University, Sweden. Link

Tamelander, J. & Obura, D. 2002. Coral reef rehabilitation – feasibility, benefits and need. In: Lindén, O., et al. 2002 (eds.). Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Reports and Project Presentations 2002. CORDIO/SAREC Marine Science Program. Link

van Treeck, P. & Schuhmacher, H. 1999. Artificial reefs created by electrolysis and coral transplantation: An approach ensuring the compatibility of environmental protection and diving tourism. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49 (suppl): 75-81. see also (*)

Wagner, G.M. et al. 2001. Restoration of coral reef and mangrove ecosystems at Kunduchi and Mbweni, Dar es Salaam, with community participation. p. 467-488. In: Richmond, M.D. & Francis, J. (eds.). Marine Science Development in Tanzania and Eastern Africa. Proc. 20th Anniv. Conference on Advances in Marine Science in Tanzania. 28 June - 1 July, 1999, Zanzibar, Tanzania. IMS/WIOMSA. (*)

Westmacott, S., et al. 2000. Management of Bleached and Severely Damaged Coral Reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Link

CORALations: bi-lingual field manual describing non-technical coral fragment planting and grow out methods for use by non-scientists in the Caribbean. corals@prtc.net ; www.coralations.org

Marshall, P. & Schuttenberg, H. 2004. Responding to Global Change:a Reef Managers Guide to Coral Bleaching. GBRMPA/NOAA. (*)

Obura, D. & Mangubhai, S. 2003. Assessing environmental and ecological factors and their contributions to coral bleaching resistance and resilience of reefs in the Western Indian Ocean. In: Obura, D.,Payet, R. & Tamelander, J. (eds.) 2003. Proceedings of the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Regional Workshop for the Indian Ocean, 2001. ICRI/UNEP/ICRAN/CORDIO. (*)

Salm, R.V. & Coles, S.L. (eds.) 2001. Coral Bleaching and Marine Protected Areas. Proceedings of the Workshop on Mitigating Coral Bleaching Impact through MPA Design. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 29-31 May 2001. Asia Pacific Coastal Marine Program Report #0102, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 118pp. www.conserveonline.org or available from: The Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Region, 923 Nu’uanu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.

The Nature Conservancy et al. 2004. Reef Resilience: Building Resilience into Coral Reef Conservation. CD-ROM toolkit. www.tnc.org

Schuttenberg, H.Z. (ed.) 2001. Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response. Coastal Management Report #2230, Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. Link

West, J.M. & Salm, R.V. 2003. Resistance and resilience to coral bleaching: implications for coral reef conservation and management. Conservation Biology 17(4): 956-967 Link

Westmacott, S. et al. 2000. Management of Bleached and Severely Damaged Coral Reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 36pp. Also available in Kiswahili, French and Portuguese. Link

Australian Institute of Marine Science:

www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/coral-bleaching/coralbleaching.html

CORDIO Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean www.cordio.org

CoralWatch charts information available on www.CoralWatch.org

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Coral Bleaching Response Program: Link

NOAA Sea Surface Temperature and Coral Bleaching Hotspots: Link

and http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/coral_bleaching_index.html

ReefBase (gives seawater hot spot data): www.reefbase.org

Reefs at Risk: www.wri.org/wri/reefsatrisk

Report on reefs and climate change: www.pewclimate.org/

Information on bleaching in French: http://www2.univreunion.fr/~coraux/blanc/

CRC Reef News 2001. Science and Industry Focus on Local Control of Crown of Thorns Starfish, Vol. 8, p 1-2. The CRC Reef Research Centre in Townsville, Australia Link

English. S, Wilkinson, C & Baker. V, 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. 2nd edition. AIMS, Townsville. 390pp. (*)

Fraser. N, Crawford, B & Kusen. J. 2000. Best Practices Guide for Crown of Thorns Clean-ups. Proyek Pesisir, Indonesia. Coastal Resources Center, Coastal Management Report, #2225. Link

Hodgson, G. & Liebeler, J. The Global Coral Reef Crisis: Trends and Solutions. Reef Check, Univ. California at Los Angeles, USA.Link

Lassig. B. 1995. Controlling Crown-of-Thorns Starfish. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 15pp. Link

Moran.P.J. 1997. Crown of Thorns Starfish – Questions and Answers. Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville. Link

Yamaguchi, M. 1986. Acanthaster planci infestations of reefs and coral assemblages in Japan: A retrospective analysis of control efforts. Coral Reefs 5: 23 - 30. (*)

CORDIO – www.cordio.org– for information on reef monitoring in the WIO

Bosire, J.O., et al. 2003. Colonization of non-planted mangrove species into restored mangrove stands in Gazi Bay, Kenya. Aquatic Botany 76 (4): 267-279. Link

East African Mangroves: www.specola.unifi.it/mangroves - information compiled through project undertaken by the Free University of Brussels and the University of Florence.

Ellison, A.M. 2000. Mangrove restoration: Do we know enough? Restoration Ecology 8 (3): 219-229. Link

FAO. 1994. Mangrove Forest Management Guidelines. FAO Forestry Paper 117. FAO, Rome. 314pp. (*)

Field, C. 1998. Rationale and practices of mangrove aforestation. Marine and Freshwater Research 49: 353-358. (*)

Kairo, J.G., et al. 2001. Restoration and management of mangrove systems – a lesson for and from the East African region. S. A. Journal of Botany 67: 383-389. Link

Kaly, U. L. & Jones, G. P. 1998. Mangrove restoration: a potential tool for management in tropical developing countries. Ambio 27(8): 656-661. (*)

Semesi, A.K. & Howell, K. 1992. The Mangroves of the Eastern African Region. Nairobi, UNEP. (*)

Snedaker, S.C. & Snedaker, J.G. (eds.) 1984. The Mangrove Ecosystem:Research Methods . UNESCO. 251pp. (*)

Thorhaug, A. 1990. Restoration of mangroves and seagrasses – economic benefits for fisheries and mariculture. p. 265-281. In : Beger, J.J. (ed.) Environmental Restoration: Science and strategies for restoring the earth . Island Press, Washington, USA. (*)

UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission HAB Programme is the main global initiative: www.ioc.unesco.org/hab

It gives information on training courses, a Taxonomic Reference List of Toxic Plankton Algae, a Bibliographic HAB database and shows how to obtain the email newsletter and the following publications:

Anderson, D.M. et al. (eds.) 2001. Monitoring and Management Strategies for Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Waters. APEC Report #201-MR-01.1, Asia-Pacific Programme and IOC Technical Series No.59. Link

Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M. & Cembella, A.D. (eds.) 2003. Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. 2nd Ed. – primary reference on sampling, identification, monitoring and management of HABs. (*) Can be ordered here Link to the 1 st edition (1995) (50 MB)

Hansen, G. et al. (eds.) 2001. Potentially harmful microalgae of the Western Indian Ocean – a guide based on a preliminary survey. IOC Technical Series No. 41. French and English. Link

Other sources of information:

Botes, L. 2003. Phytoplankton Identification Catalogue. Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Globallast Monograph Series, No.7, IMO, London. Link

COI. 2000. Manuel Methodologique. Suivi et prevention des Intoxications par Consommation d’Animaux Marins (ICAM) dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Ocean Indien. Prog. Regional Environnement/

Commission de l’Ocean Indien. (*) www.coi-info.org

For testing samples: Analabs Ltd, P.O.Box 24780, Nairobi, Kenya. analabs@net2000ke.com

Bruckner, A.W. 2002. Priorities for effective management of coral diseases. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-OPR-22. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. Link

Green, E.P. & Short, F.T. 2003. World Atlas of Seagrasses. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. University of California Press, Berkely, USA. 298pp. (*)

Korrubel, J.L. 2000. Coral diseases in the Western Indian Ocean. p. 279-283. In: McClanahan, T.R., Sheppard, C.S. & Obura, D.O. (eds.) Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, NY. (*)

McCarty, H. B. & Peters, E.C. The Coral Disease Page. Link

McClanahan, T.R. 2004 . Coral bleaching, diseases and mortality in the western Indian Ocean. In: Rosenberg, E. & Loya, Y. (eds.) Coral health and Diseases. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (*)

McClanahan, T.R., et al. in press . Observations of a new source of coral mortality along the Kenyan coast. Hydrobiologia. Peters, E.C. 1997. Diseases of coral reef organisms. p. 114-136. In: Birkeland, C. (ed.) Life and Death of Coral Reefs. Chapman and Hall [updated edition to be published in 2004]. (*)

Porter, J.W. 2001. The Ecology and Etiology of Newly Emerging Marine Diseases. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, Netherlands. (*)

Quod, J.P & Turquet, J. 1996. Ciguatera poisoning in Reunion island (SW Indian Ocean): epidemiology and clinical patterns. Toxicon 34 (7): 779-785. (*)

Richardson, L.L. 1998. Coral diseases: what is really known? Trends in Ecology and Evolution: 13: 438-443. Link

UNEP/WCMC Field Guide to Western Atlantic Coral Diseases and other causes of coral mortality. CD-ROM. (has descriptions and photos of diseased corals, with identification keys). Link

Global Database on Coral Diseases. Marine and Coastal Programme,

UNEP-WCMC: info@unep-wcmc.org ; www.unep-wcmc.org

For information on turtle diseases: www.turtles.organd

www.turtletrax.org

Agardy, T. et al . 2003. Dangerous targets: differing perspectives, unresolved issues, and ideological clashes regarding marine protected areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13 :1-15. Link

Gell. F. & Roberts, C. 2003. The Fishery Effects of Marine Reserves and Fishery Closures . Report available from WWF-US, 1250 24th St., N.W., Washington D.C., 20037, USA. 89pp. Link

Halpern, B. 2003. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Applications 13 : S117- S137. Link

Horrill, J.C., Kalombo, H. & Makoloweka, S. 2001. Collaborative Reef and Reef Fisheries Management in Tanga, Tanzania . Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Programme, IUCN Eastern Africa Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. (*)

McClanahan, T.R. 2000. Recovery of a coral reef keystone predator, Balistapus undulatus in East African marine parks. Biological Conservation 94 : 191-198. (*)

Palumbi, S.R. 2002. Marine Reserves: a Tool for Ecosystem Management and Conservation . Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, Virginia, USA. 45pp. Link

Roberts, C.M. & Hawkins, J. 2000. Fully Protected Marine Reserves: a guide , World Wildlife Fund, Washington D.C.

Ward, T. & Heineman, D. 2002. The role of marine reserves as fisheries management tools: a review of concepts, evidence and international experience. Link

The Science of Marine Reserves – video and booklet available from

PISCO (a consortium of US universities) www.piscoweb.org

Berkes, F., et al. 2001. Managing Small-scale Fisheries: alternative directions and methods . International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. Link

www.idrc.ca/booktique

King, M. 1995. Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management. Fishing News Books. 341pp. (*)

McClanahan, T. R. & Mangi, S. 2004. Gear-based management of a tropical artisanal fishery based on species selectivity and capture size. Fisheries Management and Ecology 11: 51-60. (*)

Colleen, J., et al. 1995. Farming and physiology of the red algae Euchema: growing commercial importance in East Africa. Ambio 24: 497-501. (*)

FAO 2000. The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture. 142pp. Link

Hambrey, J. et al. 2000. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Aquaculture Development. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique (also available in French). Link 1 and Link 2

Pillay, T.V.R. 1990. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices. Fishing News Books. 575pp. (*)

SEACAM, 2000. Environmental Assessment of Coastal Aquaculture Development: a short guide for policy makers. Maputo, Mozambique. (*)

Swift, D.R. 1993. Aquaculture Training Manual. 2nd Ed. Fishing News Books. 158pp. (*)

TCMP 2001. Tanzania Mariculture Guidelines Source Book. Working Document # 5048, TCMP, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 206pp. Link

Turner, G.E. (ed.) 1988. Codes of practice and manual of procedures for consideration of introductions and transfers of marine and freshwater organisms. FAO Rome. 44pp. (*)

Wickins J.F. & Lee D. O’C. 2002. Crustacean farming, ranching and culture. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK. 446pp. (*)

FMC BioPolymer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. www.fmcbiopolymer.com – importing seaweeds from the WIO.

Anderson, J.D. & Gates, P.D. 1996. FAD Manual Volume 1: Planning FAD Programmes. SPC, Noumea, New Caledonia. Link

Naeem, A. & Latheefa, A. 1995. Bio-economic assessment of the effects of fish aggregating devices in the tuna fishery in the Maldives.Bay of Bengal Programme/WP/95 (*)

Fisheries Management Science Programme, Department for International Development (DfID), UK. www.fmsp.org.uk

Indian Ocean Tuna Commission 2002. Report of the Fifth Session of the Scientific Committee. Victoria, Seychelles, December 2002. Link

IOTC Secretariat – iotcscre@seychelles.net

Institute de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), La Réunion. http://www.ird.fr

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (previously South Pacific Commission) (SPC) - Oceanic Fisheries Programme ofp@spc.int

South Pacific Commission 1996. FAD Manual Volume II: Rigging Deep-water FAD Moorings. SPC, Noumea, New Caledonia. Link

South Pacific Commission 1996. FAD Manual Volume III: Deploying and Maintaining FAD Systems. SPC, Noumea, New Caledonia. Link

Venkatasami, A. & Sheik, A.M. (no date). Fish-Aggregating Devices (FADS) as a tool to enhance production of artisanal fishermen: problems and perspectives. Albion Fisheries Research Center, Mauritius. Links

Camhi, M. et al. 1998. Sharks and their Relatives - Ecology and Conservation . Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 20. IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 39pp. (*)

Compagno, L.J.V., Edert, D.A, & Smale, M.J. 1989. Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, South Africa. 160pp. (*)

FAO. 2000. Fisheries management. 1. Conservation and management of sharks. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. No. 4, Suppl. 1. Rome, FAO. 37p. Link

Fowler, S.L., Reed, T.M. & Dipper, F.A. (eds.) 2002. Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management. Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997. Occasional Paper of the Species Survival Commission No. 25. 258pp. Link

Fowler, S.L. et al. in press. Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras: the Status of the Chondrichthyan Fishes. IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. (*)

Marshall, N.T. & Barnett, R. 1997. The Trade in Sharks and Shark Products in the Western Indian and southeast Atlantic Oceans . TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa 132pp (*)

Musick, J.A. & Bonfil, R. in press. Elasmobranch Fisheries Management Techniques. Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Secretariat, Singapore. Link

Vannuccini, S. 1999. Shark Utilization, Marketing and Trade. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper 389. Rome. Link

IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist Group

www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/organisations/ssg/ssg.htm

TRAFFIC www.traffic.org

Shark Trust www.sharktrust.org

Natal Sharks Board www.shark.co.za

Lemm, S. & Attwood, C. 2003. State of Marine Protected Area Management in South Africa. WWF-SA, Marine Coastal Management. 110pp + Appendices 1-6 Link

Boyle, P.R., & Rodhouse, P.G., (in press). Cephalopods. Iowa State University Press, 1st edition, 352pp. (*)

Bruckner, A.W., Johnson, K.A. & Field, J.D. 2003. Conservation strategies for sea cucumbers: Can a CITES Appendix II listing promote sustainable international trade? SPC Bêche-de-mer Info.Bull. 18. (*)

Conand C, 1999. Manuel de qualité des holothuries commerciales du Sud-Ouest de l’Océan Indien. PRE/COI: 39pp. (*)www.coi-info.org

Conand, C. 2001. Overview of sea cucumbers fisheries over the last decade - what possibilities for a durable management? In: Barker (ed.) Echinoderm 2000, Swets & Zeitlinger: p. 339-344. (*)

Guard, M. & Mgaya, Y.M. 2000. The artisanal fishery for Octopus cyanea Gray (1949) in Tanzania. Ambio 31 (7-8): 528-536. (*)

Lovatelli, A. et al. (eds.) In press. Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management. FAO, Rome. (*)

Marshall, N., Milledge, S.A.H. & Afonso, P.S. (eds.) 2001. Stormy Seas for Marine Invertebrates: trade in sea cucumbers, sea shells and lobsters in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. (*)

Norman, M.D. 2000. Cephalopods: A World Guide. Conchbooks, Germany. (*)

Samyn, Y. 2000. Conservation of aspidochirotid holothurians in the littoral waters of Kenya. SPC Bêche-de-mer Info. Bull. 13: 12-17. Link

South Pacific Commission Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletins 1-19.

Noumea New Caledonia.(English and French) www.spc.int/coastfish/

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority www.gbrmpa.gov.au

African Billfish Foundation - newsletter: available from Tina Harris, PO Box 342, Watamu, Kenya, Tel: 254 42 20394/31387, Fax: 254 42 31288; e-mail: albatros@swiftmalindi.com

American Sportfishing Association 2002. Sportfishing in America: values of our traditional pastime. Link

Aquatic Release Conservation (ARC). Guide to Handling and Releasing Fish, Sea Turtles, Marine Mammals and Seabirds. Link

CELB/CORAL/IHEI/TOI 2004. Developing a Supply Chain Management Tool: working with marine recreation providers to adopt environmental and social good practices. www.celb.org/marine .

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Best Environmental Practices - Fishing. Link

Halpenny, E. 2002. Marine Ecotourism: International Guidelines and Best Practice Case Studies. www.ecotourism.org

International Game Fishing Association (IGFA) – www.igfa.org- an international body working for the interests of sport fishers, including habitat protection.

National Coalition for Marine Conservation - www.savethefish.org

Bunting, B., Holthus, P. & Spalding, S. 2003. The Marine Aquarium Industry and Reef Conservation. In: Cato, J. & Brown, C. (eds.) Marine Ornamental Species: Collection, Culture and Conservation. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press. p. 109-124. (*)

Dufour, V. 1997. Population dynamics of coral reef fish and the relative abundance of their early life history stages – and example from French Polynesia. Proc. Workshop on Aquaculture of Coral Fishes and Sustainable Reef Fisheries. Sabah, Malaysia. (*)

Global Marine Aquarium Database (GMAD): www.unep-wcmc.org/marine/GMAD- provides quantitative information on trade in marine ornamentals.

Kusumaatmadja, R. 2003. Trade-based incentives for establishing management areas and no-take zones. Paper presented at 5th World Parks Congress, 'Benefits of MPA Networks for Fisheries and Endangered Species: Experiences and Innovation in Scaling Up to Build Networks. Link

Marine Aquarium Council: www.aquariumcouncil.org

Newsletter–MAC News. Available quarterly through free email subscription. MACnews@aquariumcouncil.org

Wood, E.M. & Dakin, N. 2003. The Responsible Marine Aquarist. Marine Conservation Society, UK. www.mcsuk.org

UNEP-WCMC 2003. From Ocean to Aquarium: The Global Trade in Marine Ornamentals. Link or info@unep-wcmc.org

Marshall, N., Milledge, S.A.H., & Afonso, P.S. 2001. Stormy Seas for Marine Invertebrates: trade in sea cucumbers, seashells and lobsters in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. Trade Review. TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa. Nairobi, Kenya. (*)

McClanahan, T. R. 2002. The effects of time, habitat and fisheries management on Kenyan coral-reef associated gastropods. Ecological Application 12: 1484-1495. (*)

McClanahan, T. R. 2002. A comparison of the ecology of shallow subtidal gastropods between western Indian Ocean and Caribbean coral reefs. Coral Reefs 21: 399-406. (*)

Newton, L.N., Parkes, E.V.H., & Thompson, R.C. 1993. The effects of shell collecting on the abundance of gastropods on Tanzanian shores. Biological Conservation 63: 241-245. (*)

Wells, S.M. 1989. Impacts of the precious shell harvest and trade: conservation of rare or fragile resources. p. 443-454. In: Caddy, J.F. (ed.) Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: their assessment and management. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. (*)

Wood, E. & Wells, S.M. 1995. The shell trade: a case for sustainable utilization. In: Kay, E.A. (ed.) The Conservation Biology of Molluscs. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, No.9. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (*)

Wood, E. 2000. The Marine Curio Trade. Marine Conservation Society, UK. (*) www.mcsuk.org

Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. & Haynes, D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 183pp. Link

CELB/CORAL/IHEI/TOI 2004. Developing a Supply Chain Management Tool: working with marine recreation providers to adopt environmental and social good practices. www.celb.org/

Grange, N. & Odendaal, F. 1999. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Tourism. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 197pp. (*)

The Nature Conservancy ecotourism resources Link

Drumm, A. et al. 2003. Tourism Impact Monitoring and Management in Protected Areas. Link

Drumm, A. & Moore, A. 2002. Ecotourism Development – a Manual for Conservation Planners and Managers. 85pp. Link

Rome, A. 1999. Ecotourism Impacts Monitoring: a review of methodologies and recommendations for developing monitoring programs in Latin America. Link

The International Ecotourism Society www.ecotourism.org

Halpenny, E. 2002. Marine Ecotourism: International Guidelines and Best Practice Case Studies. (*)

Honey, M. & Rome, A. 2004. Protecting Paradise: certification programs for sustainable tourism and ecotourism. 114pp. Link

TIES/CESD Rights and responsibilities: a compilation of codes of conduct for tourism and indigenous and local communities. E-book and available on CD-ROM (*)

Eagles, P.F.J. & Nislon, P. (eds.) Ecotourism Annotated Bibliography 5th ed. (*)

UNEP Tourism Programme (Division of Technology, Industry and Economics) www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/

Environmental Codes of Conduct . Technical Report no. 29. 1995 (*)

Tourism and Biodiversity: mapping tourism’s footprint . 2003 Link

Ecolabels in the Tourism Industry . 1998 (*)

Other sources include:

World Tourism Organisation: www.world-tourism.org

Green Globe: www.greenglobe21.com

World Tourism and Travel Council: www.wttc.org

Planeta.com: www.planeta.com

Tour Operators’ Initiative: www.toinitiative.org

Conservation International – Center for Environmental Leadership in Business –Travel and Leisure Programme Link

(see also J1 and J6)

Grange, N. & Odendaal, F. 1999. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Tourism. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 197pp. (*)

Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. & Haynes, D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 183pp. Link

Kareko, J. & Musyoki, B. 2003. Module 3. Marine Protected Operations. In: Francis, J., et al. (eds.) Training for the sustainable management of Marine Protected Areas: a training manual for MPA managers. CZMC/Univ. Dar es Salaam, WIOMSA, The World Bank. (*)

Halpenny, E. 2002. Marine Ecotourism: International Guidelines and Best Practice Case Studies. The International Ecotourism Society. (*)

Oliver, J. 1995. Is the ‘Limit of Acceptable Change’ concept useful for environmental managers? A case study from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. In: Grigg, G.C., Hale, P.I. & Lunney, D (eds.) Conservation through Sustainable Use of Wildlife. Centre for Conservation Biology. Univ. Queensland. (*)

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R., & Siriila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: a guide for planners and managers. IUCN, Washington D.C. 371pp. Link

Schleyer, M.H. & Tomalin, B.J. 2000. Damage on South African coral reefs and an assessment of their sustainable diving capacity using a fisheries approach. Bull. Mar. Sci. 67(3): 1025-1042. (*)

Thomas, L. & Middleton, J. 2003. Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 10, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 79pp. Link

Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) – www.coral.org- fact sheet on carrying capacity.

Saba Marine Park Management Plan: www.sabapark.org/studies/lac_plan.pdf

Conservation International. 1999. The 4-P workshop. Designing Communications Strategies for Conservation Projects. Conservation International, Washington D.C., USA. (*)

GreenCom (Strategic Participatory Communications): www.greencom.org- provides resources and information.

IUCN Commission on Communication and Education: www.iucn.org/themes/cec- provides information and resources on communication, media and public relations.

Lemay, M. & Hale, L. 1989. Coastal Resources Management: a Guide to Public Education Programmes and Materials. Kumarian Press, W. Hartford, Connecticut, 57pp. (*)

Parr, S. & Fielding, P.J. 2003. Module 5. Communication and Public Relations. p. 149-186. In: Francis, J., et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a Training Manual for MPA Managers. CZMC/WIOMSA. (*)

Salm, R.V., Clark, J.R. & Siirila, E. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. 3rd Edition. IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA. Link

SEACAM. 1999. From a Good Idea to a Successful Project. A Manual for Development and Management of local level projects. Secretariat for Eastern African Coastal Area Management, Maputo, Mozambique. (*) www.seacam.mz

Shoals Rodrigues Associaton. www.shoalsrodrigues.org

Centre for Environment Education 1999. Towards a Green Future – A Trainer’s Manual on Education for Sustainable Development. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. (*)

Doody, K.Z., et al. 2003. Experiential Environmental Learning: Facilitators’ Manual. Rufiji Environmental Management Programme, Dar es Salaam. IUCN, Tanzania, 88pp. (in Swahili and English). (*)

Francis, J., Mwinuka, S. & Richmond, M.D. 2000. A Schoolteacher's Guide to Marine Environmental Education in the Eastern Africa Region. UNEP/FAO. 40pp. Link

GreenCom 2000. Teacher’s Environmental Education Handbook. GreenCom Environmental Education and Communication Project, USAID, TCMP, Dar es Salaam. (*)

Wildlife Clubs of Seychelles 1999. Coastal and Marine Activity Book. Available, with other educational materials from Nature Seychelles, Mahe, Seychelles. www.nature.org.sc

Shoals Rodrigues Association: www.shoalsrodrigues.org– can provide a range of educational materials (see case study).

Teaching and Learning for a sustainable future: www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/- a multimedia teacher education programme.

International Centre for Conservation Education: www.icce.org.uk– affordable conservation education materials, including a CD on protected area case studies.

Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. and Haynes, D.A. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 183pp. Link

British Natural History Museum site: www.nhm.ac.uk/education

CELB/CORAL/IHEI/TOI 2004. Developing a Supply Chain Management Tool: working with marine recreation providers to adopt environmental and social good practices . www.celb.org/

Davis, D. & Tisdell, C. 1995. Recreational scuba-diving and carrying capacity in marine protected areas. Ocean & Coastal Management 26(1): 19-40. (*)

Halpenny, E. 2002. Marine Ecotourism: Impacts, International Guidelines and Best Practice Case Studies. The International Ecotourism Society. Burlington, Vermont, USA. 100pp. (*) www.ecotourism.org

Harriott, V., Davis, D. & Banks, S. 1997. Recreational diving and its impact in marine protected areas in Eastern Australia. Ambio 26: 173-179. (*)

Hawkins, J.P. et al. 1999. Effects of scuba diving on Caribbean coral and fish communities. Cons. Biol. 13(4): 888-897.(*)

Medio, D., Ormond, R.F.G. & Pearson, M. 1997. Effects of briefings on rates of damage to coral by scuba divers. Biol. Cons. 79: 91-95. (*)

Zakai, D. & Chadwick-Furman, N.E. 2002. Impacts of intensive recreational diving on reef corals at Eilat, northern Red Sea. Biol. Cons. 105: 179-187. (*)

Guidelines for Recreational Diving in Marine Protected Areas – Portuguese with English summary. Contact: Associação Cunhambebe, Brazil. www.cunhambebe.org.br; and www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/cemar

Co-operative Research Centre for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area – www.reef.crc.org.au– information on many reef related tourism activities.

Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) – fact sheets on coral friendly diving and snorkelling. Link

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority: Best Environmental Practices – Snorkelling and Diving. Link

PADI Project AWARE Foundation – www.projectaware.org – information for divers on helping to protect the marine environment; also provides trainers for MPA courses targeting dive operators - see Link

UNEP-WCMC/WMO/UNEP-GPA (eds.) 2002. UN Atlas of the Oceans. (electronic book) www.oceansatlas.org

US National Marine Fisheries Service: Shore Diving Responsible Guidelines – Link

Mother Jones Action Atlas – Divers Guide Link

ww.chumbeisland.com

Clark, S. & Edwards, A.J. 1999. An evaluation of artificial reef structures as tools for marine habitat rehabilitation in the Maldives. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9: 5-21 (*)

Munro, J.L. & Balagos, M.C. (eds.) 1995. Artificial reefs in the Philippines. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 49, 56pp. (*)

Santos, M.N., Monteiro, C.C. & Lasserre, G. 1997. Finfish attraction and fisheries enhancement on artificial reefs: a review. p. 97-114. In: Jensen, A.C. (ed.) European Artificial Reef Research. Proceedings of the 1st EARNN conference, Ancona, Italy, March 1996. Pub. Southampton Oceanography Centre. 449pp. (*)

Seaman, W. Jr. (ed.) 2000. Artificial Reef Evaluation with Application to Natural Marine Habitats. CRC Press. 246pp. (*)

www.artificialreefs.org - resource page on prefabricated artificial reef units.

Reef Ball: a US-based organisation promoting prefabricated concrete artificial reefs: www.reefball.com - Reef Ball Foundation Services Division; www.reefball.org - Reef Ball Foundation Charity Division, an associated non-profit charity that provides grants.

Artificial Reefs of Mauritius: special issue of Diodon, newsletter of the Mauritius Marine Conservation Society. http://pages.intnet.mu/mmcs

NOAA Coral Health and Monitoring Programme: www.coris.noaa.gov and www.coral.noaa.gov - information on artificial reefs.

Celliers, L. 2002. Best practices: boardwalk design and construction. ORI Technical Report 2002/1, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 7pp. (*)

Kelaher, B.P., Chapman, M.G & Underwood, A.J. 1998. Changes in benthic assemblages near boardwalks in temperate urban mangrove forests. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 228: 291-307. (*)

Lebow, S.T. et al. 2000. Environmental impact of preservative-treated wood in wetland boardwalks. Research Paper, Forest Products.126pp. Link

Skilleter, G.A. & Warren, S. 2000. Effects of habitat modification in mangroves on the structure of molluscs and crab assemblages. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 244 : 107-129. (*)

Environmental Planning Department. 1997. Port of Durban: Bayhead Natural Heritage Site. Port of Durban Pamphlet, October, 6pp. KOLLA

The following sites contain information on boardwalk construction:

www.epchc.org/docks_and_boardwalks.htm

www.dnr.state.md.us/criticalarea/guidancepubs/

www.vcc.vic.gov.au/siting

Attwood, C., et al. 2001. CoastCare Fact Sheet Series. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa Link

Kairu, K. & Nyandwi, N. (eds). 2000. Guidelines for the study of shoreline change in the Western Indian Ocean region. IOC Manuals and Guides. No 40. UNESCO (English). 55pp. Link

Ochieng, C.A. & Erftemeijer, P.L.A. (1999). Accumulation of seagrass beach cast along the Kenya coast: a quantitative assessment. Aquatic Botany 65(1-4): 221-238. (*)

Corfield, T. 1993. The Wilderness Guardian: A Practical Handbook. African Wildlife Foundation/The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Longman, Kenya. 701pp. (*)

Dept Water Affairs and Forestry 1996. South African Water Quality Guidelines. Vol.1. Domestic Use, Vol. 2. Recreational Use. Link

Grange, N. & Odendaal, F. 1999. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Tourism. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 197pp. (*)

Hambrey, J., et al. 2000. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Aquaculture Development. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 213pp. Link 1 and Link 2

Sonani, A. & Aggarwal, S. (eds.) 1998. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook – Part III. The World Bank.

www.worldbank.org/watsan

UNEP 2001. Guidance on Municipal Wastewater. Practical Guidance for Implementing the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA) on Sewage. Developed by UNEP/GPA, UNEP/IETC and IHE in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS-Habitat) and the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council

(WSSCC). www.gpa.unep.org

UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP/IETC) – guidance on environmentally sound technologies www.unep.or.jp

Websites covering nutrient pollution:

www.undp.org/water ; www.sanicon.net ; www.globalcoral.org

www.coral.org/media/watershedsm.pdf

Websites on wastewater treatment:

www.compostingtoilet.org; wastewater-treatment-options.pdf

www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/64-

www.leeds.ac.uk/civil/ceri/water/tphe/publicat/pdm/india/india.html ; www.vetiver.com (in English and French)

European Clean Beaches programme and water quality standards: www.goodbeachguide.co.uk

Fact sheet on impact of nutrients on Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - www.reef.crc.org.au

International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA): www.ipieca.org- produces the following reports that can be found on their website:

Guidelines on Biological Impacts of Oil Pollution .1991. Vol. 1.15pp.; Biological Impacts of Oil Pollution: Coral Reefs. 1992. Vol. 3. 16pp.; Sensitivity Mapping for Oil Spill Responses.1993. with IMO Vol. 1. 24pp; Choosing Oil Spill Responses to Minimise Damage. Net Enviro-nmental Benefit Analysis. 1993. 20pp.; Biological Impacts of Oil Pollution: Mangroves. 1993. Vol. 4. 20pp.; Biological Impacts of Oil Pollution: Sedimentary Shores.1993. Vol. 9. 20pp.; Biological Impacts of Oil Pollution: Rocky Shores. 1995. Vol. 7. 20pp. 1995; Biological Impacts of Oil Pollution: Fisheries. 1997. Vol. 8. 28pp.; A Guide to Contingency Planning for Oil Spills on Water. 2000. Vol. 2. 28pp.

IOPC Fund: www.iopcfund.organd www.londonconvention.org/marpol_73.htm- information, membership and manuals.

International Maritime Organisation: www.imo.org- information on pollution, shipping and marine law.

IMO/UNEP. 1988. Catalogue of oil spill response equipment and products. UNEP Regional Seas Directories and Bibliographies. FAO, Rome 86pp (*)

Barnes, D.K.A. 2003. Natural and plastic flotsam stranding in the Indian Ocean. p. 193-205. In: Davenport, J. & Davenport, J.L. (eds.) The Effects of Human Transport on Ecosystems: Cars and Planes, Boats and Trains. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. (*)

Grange, N. & Odendaal, F. 1999. Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Coastal Tourism. SEACAM, Maputo, Mozambique. 197pp. (*)

Henry Doubleday Research Association - A European organic membership organisation that can provide advice on composting in tropical environments. www.hdra.org.uk

International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) organises the global annual event and produces a newsletter Coastal Connection. www.coastalcleanup.org

UNEP 2003. A Manual for Water and Waste Management: what the tourism industry can do to improve its performance. Link

ww.coral.org – provides guidelines on underwater cleanups.

Bax, N.J. 2003. Designing representative and adequate marine protected areas in a structured environment – implications for marine invasive alien species management. Aliens 17: 24-25. (*)

Eldredge, L.G. 2003. Coral reef invasions. Aliens 17 : 9. (*)

Hewitt, C.L. & Martin, R.B. 2001. Revised protocols for baseline port surveys for introduced marine species: survey design, sampling protocols and specimen handling, CRIMP Technical Report Number 22, CSIRO Marine Research, Hobart. Link

Howard, G. 2003. Keeping pests out of paradise. Ballast Water News 13: 11. Link

Johnson, C.S. 2001. Invasion of ‘killer’ Mediterranean weed to California, USA. Intercoast Network 40, p. 21, 21, 25. Link

Paulay, G., et al. 2000. Anthropogenic biotic interchange in a coral reef ecosystem: a case study from Guam. Paper presented at symposium on ‘Coral Reef non-indigenous and invasive species’, 9th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Bali, Indonesa, October 2000. Papers available from Link

Wittenberg, R. & Cock, M.J.W. (eds) 2001. Invasive Alien Species: a toolkit of best prevention and management practices . CAB International, Wallingford, UK. (*) available from www.cabi-publishing.org

FAO Database on Introduction of Aquatic Species (DIAS), available on Fishbase www.cgiar.org/iclarm/fishbase/

Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) (a partnership programme with IUCN): provides many resources www.gisp.org

Globallast, Global Ballast Water Management Programme and newsletter Ballast Water News http://globallast.imo.org

IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss caused by Alien Invasive Species. http://iucn.org/themes/ssc/pubs/policy/invasivesEng.htm

IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG): www.issg.org; services include the Global Invasive Species Database: www.issg.org/database; Aliens-L, a listserver dedicated to invasive species- issg@auckland.ac.nzand a newsletter Aliens.